RED PYRAMID - DAHSHUR, EGYPT

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Some 20 km (12.4 miles) south of Saqqara in a quiet patch of desert, Dahshur is an impressive field of 4th and 12th dynasty pyramids. An off-limits military zone until 1996, as yet there are few touts or guides so you can enjoy the monuments in peace. There were originally 11 pyramids at the site, although only the Bent and Red Pyramids remain intact.

The Bent Pyramid is so named for its change from a 54° to a 43° angle during building, after the structure showed signs of stress. A rare thing among the pyramids around Cairo, it still has most of its outer casing intact. The Red Pyramid is the world's first true pyramid, and represents the lessons learnt from the Bent Pyramid. It is named for its red-toned limestone inner casing, though some say it's due to the red graffiti scribbled on it in ancient times. Both pyramids were built by Pharaoh Sneferu, father of Khufu and founder of the 4th dynasty. The same height, the two pyramids are the third-largest in Egypt, after the Great Pyramid and Pyramid of Chephren at Giza.